后大流行时期的生活170——手卫生·其四【如何正确洗手】
不合格的洗手
合格的洗手
擦手的重要性
洗手的水温
1.掌心对掌心互相搓揉.
2.掌心对手背交叉搓手.
3.掌心对掌心十指交叉搓揉.
4.十指弯曲紧扣转动搓揉.
5.拇指握在掌心转动搓揉.
6.直接在掌心搓揉.
使用流水。 让肥皂/洗手液充分起泡。 搓揉时间不少于20秒。
在如何保障洗手搓揉时间这方面,世界卫生组织的建议是唱两遍生日快乐歌[7];而幼儿园小朋友也有专门的《洗手歌》。所以如果读者们无法确定自己洗手的时间,那么可以在自己喜欢或熟悉的曲调中,提前选取20~30秒,以便在洗手时哼唱。
关于手消毒
三、洗手的水温
请使用肥皂/洗手液在流水下用正确的洗手方法进行不少于20秒的洗手。
洗手的水温对清洁效果没有显著影响。
洗手后需及时擦干双手。
[1]Wu KS, Lee SS, Chen JK, Tsai HC, Li CH, Chao HL, Chou HC, Chen YJ, Ke CM, Huang YH, Sy CL, Tseng YT, Chen YS. Hand hygiene among patients: attitudes, perceptions, and willingness to participate. Am J Infect Control. 2013 Apr;41(4):327-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.03.033. Epub 2012 Oct 10. PMID: 23062662.
[2]Horng LM, Unicomb L, Alam MU, Halder AK, Shoab AK, Ghosh PK, Opel A, Islam MK, Luby SP. Healthcare worker and family caregiver hand hygiene in Bangladeshi healthcare facilities: results from the Bangladesh National Hygiene Baseline Survey. J Hosp Infect. 2016 Nov;94(3):286-294. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.08.016. Epub 2016 Aug 24. PMID: 27665311; PMCID: PMC5495692.
[3]Wetzker W, Bunte-Schönberger K, Walter J, Pilarski G, Gastmeier P, Reichardt Ch. Compliance with hand hygiene: reference data from the national hand hygiene campaign in Germany. J Hosp Infect. 2016 Apr;92(4):328-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.01.022. Epub 2016 Feb 21. PMID: 26984282.
[4]Cheng VC, Tai JW, Li WS, Chau PH, So SY, Wong LM, Ching RH, Ng MM, Ho SK, Lee DW, Lee WM, Wong SC, Yuen KY. Implementation of directly observed patient hand hygiene for hospitalized patients by hand hygiene ambassadors in Hong Kong. Am J Infect Control. 2016 Jun 1;44(6):621-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.024. Epub 2016 Jan 14. PMID: 26777285.
[5]De Wandel D, Maes L, Labeau S, Vereecken C, Blot S. Behavioral determinants of hand hygiene compliance in intensive care units. Am J Crit Care. 2010 May;19(3):230-9. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2010892. PMID: 20436062.
[6]健康中国,2023-10-15,洗手这件“小事”,您做对了吗?
[7]WHO,How to teach your kids handwashing.
[8]Kasapoğlu S, Parlak-Yetişen L, Özdemir A, Dikmen D. Assessment of the effect of hand dryers used in shopping malls on hand hygiene. Am J Infect Control. 2022 Oct;50(10):1098-1102. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.002. Epub 2022 Jan 25. PMID: 35085658.
[9]Huang C, Ma W, Stack S. The hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods: a review of the evidence. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Aug;87(8):791-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.019. Epub 2012 May 31. PMID: 22656243; PMCID: PMC3538484.
[10]Jensen DA, Macinga DR, Shumaker DJ, Bellino R, Arbogast JW, Schaffner DW. Quantifying the Effects of Water Temperature, Soap Volume, Lather Time, and Antimicrobial Soap as Variables in the Removal of Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 from Hands. J Food Prot. 2017 Jun;80(6):1022-1031. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-370. PMID: 28504614.
[11]United States Food & Drug Administration (2005) United States Food and Drug Administration Food code 2005. 2005.
[12]Berardesca et al. (1995) Berardesca E, Vignoli GP, Distante F, Brizzi P, Rabbiosi G. Effects of water temperature on surfactant-induced skin irritation. Contact Dermatitis. 1995;32(2):83–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00751.x.